
President Trump reacted with unexpected speed after the Revolutionary Guards once again announced the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This time, he turned his anger against his ally Netanyahu, imposing a ceasefire in South Lebanon in order to safeguard the progress of the negotiations underway in their Swiss phase. Yet this new day of closure did not prevent fifty five supertankers from reaching global markets under American protection, according to data from the Central Command, as well as statements made by President Trump and Vice President J. D. Vance. At this point, there is little value in questioning the sincerity of either side, nor is there any need to search for the truth behind every detail, since the “Memorandum of Understanding” allows both parties to present it in whatever way best serves their respective needs. Still, Tehran’s mere announcement of another closure of the strait, even without carrying it out, has become a political event in itself, one significant enough to prompt the American administration into action, even at the expense of the Israeli army, the crown jewel of the American military industry in the Middle East. President Trump may have somewhat exaggerated when he announced the destruction of Iran’s air force and navy, without realizing that he had failed to destroy Tehran’s most powerful weapon, its negotiating capability, and that he had no desire to acknowledge this, precisely at a moment when the Iranians were demonstrating negotiating skills wholly disproportionate to their current situation and far exceeding existing power balances. Mojtaba The new Supreme Leader continues to speak from behind a veil, while his audience still waits to see him appear. His inner circle, meanwhile, understands the state of the Republic better than he does after the extensive destruction inflicted upon its infrastructure, military capabilities and arsenals. They also understand their pressing need for respite, money and time, precisely what the “Memorandum of Understanding” has provided them with, turning into a gateway toward reconciliation with the “Great Satan”. Yet they also know that such reconciliation may trigger internal upheavals, especially since Washington’s policies have failed to convince them, as has Israel, which opposes the “Memorandum of Understanding” despite the fact that it remains their only guarantee. If the Supreme Leader approves it, the regime loses part of its room for manoeuvre; if he rejects it, the losses will only grow. In either case, the choice is a bitter one. This explains why he reduced his instructions to his followers and his people to two words expressing acceptance without conviction. Yesterday, at the Swiss negotiating venue, after Pakistan’s success made possible by decisive Qatari involvement, the first direct meeting between the two delegations produced a positive message. Only statements from hardliners in Tehran, compounded by President Trump’s hasty reactions, disrupted this momentum, reminding everyone how fragile the political process remains and how vulnerable it is to another collapse. Indeed, Iranian political thinking remains captive to the theory of “immaculate conception”, especially when the marriage in question involves an administration led by a real estate developer whose language is both abrasive and provocative. The Limits of the Game Whatever objections critics may raise regarding the text of the “Memorandum of Understanding”, many of them legitimate, its essential function lies not in its visible content but in the secret annexes accompanying it, whether written or verbal. Their true purpose is to bring Iran into the black room of direct bilateral negotiations, face to face with the Americans. Once the mediators have succeeded in establishing this framework for direct bilateral negotiations, no one will remember the shortcomings and loopholes of the “Memorandum of Understanding”, because once the Iranian American negotiating process begins and takes root, it will become nothing more than a direct translation of actual power balances rather than tactical manoeuvres or political cunning. In that context, the theory of “immaculate conception” will no longer have any place. Iran’s leaders understand this perfectly well. Their overriding concern is to preserve the regime and secure guarantees against future attacks that could once again threaten their survival and authority. This does not mean that Iran's leadership will not do everything in its power to secure an agreement that serves its interests. Rather, it means that the rules of the game are evolving, moving from confrontation, hostility and rivalry toward a phase of temporary understandings that may ultimately lead to reconciliation. It is in this light that Egypt’s reconciliation with the United States through the Camp David Accords with Israel should be revisited, alongside the Palestinian experience embodied by the Oslo Accords, in order to grasp the considerable gap between the outcomes of the Egyptian and Palestinian cases whenever the logic of real rather than imaginary power balances prevails. Today, Iran faces its own experience, carrying both the legacy of the Islamic Republic and, behind it, the enduring legacy of the imperial Persian state, not to mention the inheritance of uninterrupted wars since Imam Khomeini came to power, whether wars against the peoples of Iran or against Arab and Muslim peoples, from Afghanistan to Yemen. The latest war with Israel and the United States may be among the shortest, yet it has become the most dangerous for both the regime and the state. Because of this, the game has reached its breaking point. Little remains of the Iranian state today except a people struggling with hunger and disease, an army that still possesses missiles, and leaders who show little concern for either their own population or their neighbours. A New Dynamic As the Swiss phase begins, the two month countdown established by the “Memorandum of Understanding” has started. The real issues at stake go far beyond the officially declared files, whether nuclear matters, sanctions, frozen assets or similar questions. They concern, above all, the foundations of Iranian American bilateral relations, first on the security level, then on the economic level, ultimately leading toward political reconciliation. These three dimensions, security, economics and politics, encompass all disputed issues and require a new negotiating dynamic entirely different from the one that produced the “Memorandum of Understanding”. They also follow a hierarchy designed to produce a sustainable political reconciliation, beginning with the development of deep security policies capable of reassuring the Iranian regime while satisfying the United States, which still views Iran as a major security vulnerability within the area of operations of the US Central Command in the broader Middle East. This also extends to the regional security of the Gulf and Arab countries, as well as that of Central Asian states within the broader Eurasian axis. This also requires settling the question of Iran’s economy, the region’s second largest economy after Saudi Arabia. It is worth recalling that, according to President Trump’s own statements, his decision to withdraw from the nuclear agreement was motivated first by economic considerations and only then by security concerns. Time remains relatively short to address these fundamental issues if negotiations continue to swing back and forth like a pendulum. Yet it remains sufficient if the Trump administration is willing to learn a few negotiating lessons from its fiercest adversary, which, in politics, is hardly a sign of weakness. American responsibility here appears far greater than Iranian responsibility. Otherwise, the United States would have to acknowledge that its status has declined to that of a regional power rather than the great power it claims and acts to be. It is also worth highlighting the role of the four mediating countries, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Turkey, whose actions reflect the political weight generated by both Arab and Islamic summits and their ability to exert meaningful influence from Beijing to Moscow, across Western Europe and into Latin America. That influence has even reached the United States, as President Trump himself openly acknowledged. It is therefore impossible to disregard objective realities that have already demonstrated their effectiveness. In the period ahead, these mediating states will be capable of becoming influential players in regional and global equations, and they are openly saying so. The clear and convergent statements issued by the foreign ministers of the four countries during their latest meeting in Cairo cannot be reduced to a mere diplomatic exercise or an abstract belief in mediation. Islamabad, Riyadh, Ankara and Cairo do not act lightly after decades of political, security and diplomatic engagement across multiple fronts and issues. Today, the future of the region itself is at stake, and these states lie both at its core and at the heart of the struggle surrounding it. Brazil as a Model Brazil is one of the emerging powers on the global stage through both the G20 and the BRICS. With its vast population and its multi trillion dollar economy, it possesses the means, as a major Latin American power, to fulfil the aspirations of its diverse population and become a pole in an increasingly multipolar world. This ambition is reflected in the brief statement issued by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 19 June, welcoming the signing of the “Memorandum of Understanding” as a means of ending the conflict, urging all parties to fully comply with its provisions, and explicitly calling for a complete cessation of hostilities on all fronts, including Lebanon, as well as the continuation of negotiations aimed at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement . Brazil also reaffirmed its commitment to lasting stability and security in the Middle East, particularly in the State of Palestine, both in Gaza and the West Bank . Through these clear, simple and carefully chosen words, Brazil expressed a position that no Lebanese or Palestinian citizen could reject. A genuinely state centred approach to the “Memorandum of Understanding” thus emerged, at a time when local media were saturated with contradictory interpretations from across the political spectrum, interpretations that went far beyond the memorandum’s temporary function. These readings chiefly revealed a form of political agitation among those whose ambitions, desires, illusions or despair in the face of a complex reality do not align with the contents of the memorandum, even as an opportunity now presents itself for Lebanon’s legitimate institutions to demonstrate their capabilities and for the Palestinian people to uphold their political rights and their independent state. Brazil supported South Africa before the International Court of Justice against Israel and provided financial assistance to UNRWA, while the Iran of the Revolutionary Guards has never recognized the State of Palestine and has offered our peoples nothing but death and destruction.







