Articles

If the rumors are to be believed, there will be nothing serious to report in the coming weeks. For, if one trusts Abbas Araghtchi's statements, Tehran and Washington would have reached, during their talks in Geneva, a broad agreement on a set of 'guiding principles, on the basis of which they will advance and begin to work on the text of a potential agreement'. In the meantime, Iran is rearming itself with weapons and ammunition, which is not reassuring to Israel, the latter demanding, moreover, that the ongoing talks go beyond the strict framework of nuclear issues to include the two questions of missiles and proxies.

«The first reform must be intelligent decentralization», Jules Payot Decentralization is a mode of state organization that consists of transferring powers, responsibilities, and resources from central government to elected local authorities, which are legally autonomous, in order to bring decision-making closer to citizens and improve the effectiveness of public action. It allows Lebanon to transfer part of the state's powers, competencies, and resources to elected and autonomous territorial communities – notably municipalities and decentralized entities – while maintaining the unity of the state. The objective is to strengthen and activate local governance, citizen participation, and the balanced development of regions.

The Libyan war ceases to be intelligible when read solely through its internal actors. From 2014, and even more so after 2019, the conflict transformed into a theater of regional projection, where local dynamics serve as supports for strategies that largely exceed them. Libya is thus a fragmented territory, invested, used, and worked from the outside as a malleable space, devoid of effective sovereignty, and, consequently, ideal for indirect wars. Certainly, the rivalry between regional powers alone does not explain the Libyan collapse, but it nevertheless freezes its lines, prevents any endogenous resolution, and transforms every local advance into a variable of a larger game. At this stage, the war no longer only pits Libyans against each other, but competing visions of the regional order, projected onto a territory incapable of absorbing them. The ultimate focal point, like Syria post-2011, or, before, Lebanon between 1975 and 1990.

The cruise ship Costa Concordia ran aground off Giglio Island after hitting underwater rocks on January 13, 2012. (Filippo Monteforte/AFP) Imagine, as the Costa Concordia cruise ship was sinking in 2012, the restaurant manager asking passengers not to forget to pay their bill. Absurd? Yet, that is, more or less, the logic adopted by our government. In a country paralyzed by crisis, where only inflation is progressing, the State, desperately seeking to finance salary increases for its civil servants and more or less adapted pensions for retired military personnel, has found the solution: increase VAT by 1% and tax gasoline by three hundred thousand pounds per can.

In times of total war or acute existential crisis, when the fate of an entire population hangs in the balance, timid and hesitant half-measures are no longer acceptable. When a nation faces the expansionist and hegemonic designs of a power unbound by law or principle, and when a tyrannical, blood-soaked regime commits large-scale massacres with impunity – striking indiscriminately at civilians, at youths, at teenagers – such extreme circumstances demand clarity. They require a firm, unequivocal stance, far removed from cynical equivocation or evasive maneuvering. That is, beyond any doubt – as readers will have guessed – the situation with the regime currently in power Iran.

Museums in Iran play a key role in supporting the country’s political and diplomatic strategy. They are also crucial for preserving and showcasing the treasures of Persian civilization. The National Museum of Iran stands as the country’s foremost archaeological and historical museum. It highlights the richness of Persian heritage and houses invaluable collections spanning Iranian history – from the Paleolithic era through the Medes, Elamites, Achaemenids, Parthians, Sassanids, and into the Islamic period. Within its walls, the official narrative of “Iran” is articulated: a continuous thread running from Elam and the Achaemenid Empire to the Islamic Republic, represented by over 300,000 objects that weave together the nation’s millennia-spanning history.