Articles

There was no objective behind the negotiations conducted by the American administration with the Iranian side in Muscat and Geneva other than conveying a single message. The substance of that message is that the “Islamic Republic” must change. Change must occur, whether peacefully or by force. President Donald Trump did not hesitate to declare recently that the fall of the Iranian regime would be “the best thing that could happen.” From this perspective, one can understand the repeated insistence of the American president on rejecting the return of Nouri al-Maliki to the post of Prime Minister in Iraq. From the same perspective, one can also understand the abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his transfer to New York along with his wife.

What maritime policy could – or should – Lebanon pursue as part of its development efforts? And what role might the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), which succeeded the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership initiated in Barcelona, play in this context? The Union for the Mediterranean has essentially adopted a “land-based” framework. Whether through political and security cooperation aimed at establishing a common area of peace and stability, economic and financial collaboration to build a zone of shared prosperity, or cultural and social initiatives to foster understanding between cultures and exchanges among civil societies, the ultimate goal remains the creation of a shared prosperity area within a Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EMFTA). All of this unites the land.

Since the Arab Spring of 2011, Libya has not been undergoing some unfinished transition but has settled into a lasting state of political dissolution. Far from paving the way for a reconstruction process, the brutal disappearance of Muammar Gaddafi's regime, on the contrary, triggered a long sequence of fragmentation, where armed violence progressively replaced the state as the organizing principle of power, as in Sudan. This series offers a structural reading of the Libyan war as a stabilized and coherent system in itself, embedded in regional and international rivalries, and now capable of eliminating any political alternative that does not fit its logic.

Since the Arab Spring of 2011, Libya has not been undergoing some unfinished transition, but has settled into a lasting state of political dissolution. Far from paving the way for a reconstruction process, the brutal disappearance of Muammar Gaddafi's regime, on the contrary, triggered a long sequence of fragmentation, where armed violence progressively replaced the state as the organizing principle of power, as in Sudan. This series offers a structural reading of the Libyan war as a stabilized and coherent system in itself, embedded in regional and international rivalries, and now capable of eliminating any political alternative that does not fit its logic.

The Intelligence Monopoly Ended. For most of human history, one assumption remained unquestioned: intelligence belonged to us alone. We were the only species capable of abstract reasoning, scientific accumulation, technological scaling, and political organization. Intelligence was our monopoly — and therefore our power. That monopoly is now over. Artificial intelligence systems already outperform humans in pattern recognition, large-scale code generation, protein folding, predictive modeling, and increasingly in scientific hypothesis formation. In domain after domain, the ceiling of human cognition is no longer the frontier.

Since the Arab Spring of 2011, Libya has not been undergoing just any unfinished transition, but has settled into a durable state of political dissolution. Far from paving the way for a reconstruction process, the brutal disappearance of Muammar Gaddafi's regime instead triggered a long sequence of fragmentation, where armed violence has, as in Sudan, progressively replaced the state as the organizing principle of power. This series offers a structural reading of the Libyan war as a stabilized and coherent system in itself, inserted into regional and international rivalries, and now capable of eliminating any political alternative that does not fit into its logic.