
Major economic crises almost never happen without warning. Long before markets collapse or economies contract, warning signs discreetly accumulate beneath the surface: financial excesses grow, geopolitical tensions escalate, technological disruptions accelerate, and the architecture of the global economy becomes increasingly fragile. For several years, many of these signs have been visible worldwide. Stock markets have reached historically high valuation levels. Public debt has reached unprecedented levels. Artificial intelligence is transforming industries at dizzying speed. And geopolitical tensions are beginning to disrupt some of the most vital arteries of global trade and energy.








